集中空调环境从业人员健康调查

Health survey among employees in environment with centrallized air conditioning system

目的了解集中空调通风系统环境中从业人员健康状况。方法于2013年9—11月选取天津市15家公共场所为研究现场,其中8家公共场所安装有集中空调通风系统(包括写字楼、宾馆、超市及普通旅店),另选择与之类型相同的7家未装备集中空调的公共场所作为对照。以上述15家公共场所的337名从业人员为调查对象(集中空调组:172人;对照组:165人),以问卷调查形式了解近一个月呼吸道不适症状(流涕、鼻塞、鼻腔干燥、咳嗽、咯痰等)、眼不适症状(眼睛干涩、眼痒、易流泪等)、皮肤不适症状(瘙痒、皮肤干燥等)以及头痛、疲劳、嗜睡、注意力不集中等自觉不适症状的发生情况。结果集中空调组不适症状阳性率[14.0%(24/172)]高于对照组[7.3%(12/165)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.939,P<0.05),集中空调组流涕、鼻塞、鼻腔干燥的阳性率分别为11.0%,12.2%,10.5%,均高于对照组且差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),眼睛干涩的阳性率(11.0%)和皮肤干燥的阳性率(10.1%)均高于对照组(P<0.05),头痛(10.5%)、疲劳(9.9%)、嗜睡(11.0%)、注意力不集中(9.3%)的阳性率均高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论应进一步关注集中空调环境对从业人员呼吸系统等不良健康影响。

Objective To explore the health of employees in environment with centrallized air conditioning system.Methods The survey on prevalance of respiratory symptom(runny nose,nasal congestion,xeromycteria,cough,expectoration),eye symptom(dry eyes,itchy eyes,watery eyes),skin symptom(pruritus,xerosis cutis),headache,fatigue,drowsiness and inattention in recent one month were performed based on a self-designed questionnaire among 337 employees from a totally 15 public places,including eight public places(office building,hotels,supermarkets,inns)equiped with centrallized air conditioning systems(CACS group)and seven ones without CACS(control group).Results The total positive rate of uncomfortable symptom in CACS group[14.0%(24/172)]was significantly higher than that in control group[7.3%(12/165)](χ~2=3.939,P<0.05).Higher positive rates of runny nose(11.0%),nasal congestion(12.2%),xeromycteria(10.5%),dry eyes(11.0%),xerosis cutis(10.1%),headache(10.5%),fatigue(9.9%),drowsiness(11.0%)and inattention(9.3%)were observed in CACS group compared with those in control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Employees should be paid more attention to their health working in the environment equiped with centrallized air conditioning system.