冰核细菌的研究、应用现状和前景

Study on Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria and Its Applications Situation and Prospect

冰核细菌是诱发和加重植物霜冻的重要因子 ,通过减少和控制冰核细菌 ,在进行霜冻防治研究方面 ,取得了一定效果。目前世界上已发现 4个属 2 3个种或变种的细菌具有成冰活性。细菌冰核是一类蛋白质 ,称冰蛋白 ,由细菌冰核基因编码 ,报道已有 11种冰核细菌的冰核基因被克隆并在大肠杆菌中得到表达。综述了冰核细菌生物学及分子生物学特性 ,以及冰核细菌在霜冻防除、人工降雨、食品冷藏保鲜。

Ice nucleation bacteria are important factors causing and increasing plant frost and freezing injury.Treatments that reduce the numbers or the ice nucleation active (or both ) of ice nucleation active microorganisms on plant are effective in decreasing plant frost and freezing injury. It have been proved that 4 genera 23 species or varieties bacteria have ice nucleation activiry. Bacterial ice nuclei are proteins, named ice nucleating proteins, coded by ice nucleating genes. Ice nucleating genes of 11 species bacteria have been cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. In this paper we would make a summary on the progress and prospective taking advantage of biological character and the biological aspects of the applied technology, control of frost injury, man-made snow, refrigeration and diagnostic, biological ice nuclei in preventing insect pests by accelerating insect body freezing and so on.