钛合金3D打印成形技术及缺陷

3D printing technology for titanium alloy and its defect

介绍了3D打印技术的发展概况、基本原理和技术特点。综述了国内外几种常用的钛合金3D打印技术:激光选区烧结成形技术(SLS)、激光选区熔化成形技术(SLM)、激光立体成形技术(LSF)、电子束选区熔化成形技术(EBSM)、电子束熔丝沉积成形技术(EBF3)等,综合比较,EBSM技术由于具有成形效率高、精度高、成本低和真空无污染等优点,是未来最具发展前景的钛合金3D打印技术。成形过程中缺陷的成因和检测是3D打印领域重要研究热点,也是3D打印件能否实现应用的基础。重点介绍了钛合金3D打印成形过程中主要缺陷(包括球化现象、裂纹、孔隙以及翘曲变形)的分类、危害和成因,以及3D打印件常用的无损检测技术,并结合国内外研究情况对各种缺陷的抑制或改善方法进行探讨。最后,从材料、设备、工艺和检测技术方面,对未来钛合金3D打印技术发展前景进行了展望。

The development of 3 D printing technology, basic principles and technical features are introduced. Several major 3 D printing technologies of titanium alloy both at home and abroad are reviewed: selective laser sintering technology(SLS), selective laser melting technology(SLM), laser solid forming technology(LSF), electron beam selective melting technology(EBSM) and electron beam fuse deposition forming technology(EBF3). By comparison, EBSM technology is the most promising 3 D printing technology for titanium alloy in the future because of its high efficiency, high accuracy, low cost and no pollution. The cause and detection of defects in the process of forming is an important research focus in the field of 3 D printing, and it is also the basis of the realization of the application of 3 D printing parts. The classification, harm and cause of the main defects(including spheroidization,cracks, porosity and warpage) in the process of 3 D printing for titanium alloy, as well as the nondestructive testing technology commonly used in 3 D printing are introduced. And combined with domestic and foreign research situation, the methods to restrain or improve the above defects are discussed. Finally, the prospect of the future development of 3 D printing technology for titanium alloy is prospected from the aspects of materials, equipment and testing technology.