增材制造技术在航空发动机中的应用展望

Application Prospect of Additive Manufacture Technology for Aeroengine

增材制造技术俗称3D打印技术,是信息化与工业化深度融合的典型代表技术之一。增材制造技术两大最显著特征是数字化分层制造和高能束流加工技术,两者的无缝结合预示了传统工业模式的全新变革。金属直接增材制造技术利用了高能束快速成形方法使得沉积层组织快速凝固,可获得非平衡态过饱和固溶体及均匀致密的微观组织,几乎达到或超过锻件水平,同时,有效避免了基材过热问题,对新型材料(如高Al、Ti合金、TiAl合金、ODS合金以及单晶合金)增材制造与修复具有极高的应用价值,并在零件尺寸精度上实现了微变形甚至无变形。本文归纳整理了增材制造技术的几种工艺方法,重点介绍了增材制造技术在航空发动机中的发展现状和最新研究成果,并根据当前需求情况提出了技术发展方向。

Additive manufacture is also called3D-printing,which is a typical representative for the integration of informatization and industrialization.Two of the most significant features of additive manufacture are digital layered manufacturing and high energy beam machining,The combination of the two will cause the industry pattern to change.By directly additive manufacture of metal,the metal body could obtain non-equilibrium supersaturated solid solution,the uniform and dense microstructure,which almost reaches or exceeds the level of forgings,meanwhile avoiding overheating for casting superalloy,as TiAl alloy,ODS alloy and so on.Additive manufacture technology could improve dimension precision of the parts,reduce the deformation and even distortion free.Several methods of additive manufacture,the development situation and the latest research achievements are introduced,at same time the direction of technology development is put forward.