海岛生态旅游开发模式研究——以山东长岛为例

The Development Model for Island Ecological Tourism:a Case of Changdao Island in Shandong Province

海岛生态旅游开发模式的研究有助于成熟海岛目的地开发新产品增加新收入,也有助于新进入者获得市场先发优势,对无居民海岛旅游开发具有启发意义。文章通过对国内外海岛生态旅游理论和实践研究及实地走访,提出海岛生态旅游的五大特征;依照开发活动对海岛生态系统干扰程度由低到高,将其开发模式依次分为严格的、中等的和不严格的模式;对山东长岛进行案例实证研究,对比不同开发模式的优劣势,建议山东长岛采用严格的生态旅游开发模式,实施以海洋野生动物为核心的生态旅游带动海岛自然旅游的差异化战略,获得海内外市场,并促进当地经济、社会和生态的可持续发展。

Results of the research on the developing model for island ecological tourism will help mature island destinations develop new products to increase revenue,while also help new entrants develop a first-mover advantage.By studying the domestic and foreign theory and practice of island ecotourism,five characteristics of island ecological tourism were first proposed and a classification model was developed following either a strict,moderate or loose ecotourism developing model,according to the interference of developing activities with island ecosystem rating from low to high.Ecotourism resources of Changdao Island were screened and different developing models were compared,which proved that Changdao should utilize a strict ecotourism developingmodel and implement the ecotourism strategy with marine wildlife as core attractions.The strategywould help attain a market differentiation and gain the worldwide market,favoring long-term sustainable development of local economy,society and ecology.