珠海市海岸线分类及开发利用的遥感分析

Remote Sensing of the Classification,Development and Utilization of Coastline in Zhuhai City

文章采用遥感解译与现场踏勘相结合的方法,开展珠海市海岸线分类及开发利用现状研究。通过遥感影像解译提取岸线数据,对砂质岸线、淤泥质岸线、基岩岸线、生物岸线、具有自然海岸形态特征和生态功能的岸线、人工岸线等岸线类型进行解译标志建立,并对岸线进行分类与统计;根据岸线分类统计结果与现场踏勘情况,对珠海市海岸线开发利用现状进行评价,并分析其存在的问题。研究表明,珠海市大陆海岸线长257.48km,其中自然岸线仅占岸线总长的17.49%,岸线开发利用强度较大且利用方式粗放,近岸海域生态压力增大,同时由于围填海导致大陆与海岛相连,海岛属性发生改变。文章最后提出加强自然岸线保护与修复、优化利用人工岸线、开展岸线动态监测、强化生态环境保护的建议,以期增强珠海市海岸线的保护与开发利用,落实自然岸线保有率,为珠海市海岸带相关规划研究和海域管理提供参考作用。

The techniques of remote sensing interpretation and exploration survey together were used to carry out the investigation of coastline protection and development status of Zhuhai city.Extracting coastline via remote sensing,sandy coastline,silt coastline,bedrock coastline,estuary coastline,coastline with natural morphology and ecological functions and artificial coastline were interpreted,classified and calculated.Based on the classification and statistic results and exploration survey,the coastline development and utilization status of Zhuhai city were evaluated and its problems were analyzed.The results showed that the length of continent coastline of Zhuhai city was 257.48 km among which only 17.49% was natural coastline.The development was intense and extensive,insufficient coordinated and had heavily destroyed the ecological environment of the coastline.Meanwhile,sea reclamations had led to the linkage of continent and island,which had changed the island attribute.Suggestions of strengthening the utilization plan and ecological protection and undertaking renovation were proposed to enhance the coastline protection and development,achieve the natural coastline retention rate and provide decision support for coastline reference investigation and sea area management of Zhuhai city.