哈萨克马遗传资源特征研究

Study on the characteristics of genetic resources of Kazakh horse

为了解新疆哈萨克马的遗传资源特征,试验采用资源调查及体尺测量等方法,对新疆哈萨克马进行体尺、表型、毛色等方面的调查、测量。结果表明:新疆哈萨克马的毛色种类非常丰富,几乎涵盖了全球马毛色种类的90%以上;哈萨克马体尺数据的影响因素可能包括哈萨克马所处环境和地域分布,新疆哈萨克马与哈萨克斯坦的哈萨克马之间差距比较大,这个与选育程度有关;生态环境有差异的阿勒泰地区哈萨克马与伊犁地区哈萨克马在外貌上有一定的区别,阿勒泰地区哈萨克马体型较粗壮,被毛、长毛较发达,冬季绒毛长而密,毛色种类较丰富;伊犁地区哈萨克马体型紧凑,被毛比阿勒泰地区哈萨克马稀少,毛色种类比较单一。

The aim of the present study was to understand the characteristics of genetic resources of Xinjiang Kazakh horses. The body size,phenotype and coat color of Xinjiang Kazakh horse were investigated and measured by using the methods of resources survey and body size measurement. The results showed that the Xinjiang Kazakh horses had a very rich variety of coat color,covering almost 90% of the world’s horse coat colors. The influencing factors of Kazakh horse body size data might include the environment and geographical distribution of Kazakh horse,and the gap between Xinjiang Kazakh and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse was relatively large,which was related to the degree of breeding. There were some differences in the appearance of Kazakh horses between Altay and Yili region in the ecological environment. The Kazakh horses in Altay were relatively strong in size,well developed in coat and long hair,long and dense fuzz in winter,and rich in color. But the Kazakh horses in Yili were compact in size,less in coat than those in Altay,and have a single hair color.