3种食药用真菌发酵物对SPF鸡生产和免疫性能的影响

Effects of three edible and pharmaceutical fungi fermentations on the growth and immune performance of SPF chicken

为研究和比较紫芝(Ganoderma sinense,GS)、槐耳(Trametes robiniophila,TR)和桦褐孔菌(Inonotus obliquus,IO)3种食药用真菌发酵产物(GSFP、TRFP和IOFP)改善无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)鸡生产和免疫性能的功效,于日粮中分别添加不同种类的发酵产物,并在不同时间点对鸡生长性能指标(平均日增重、料重比)、免疫器官指数、外周血淋巴细胞(PBMC)增殖率、肠道组织形态进行了测定和分析。结果表明:3种发酵产物均能够有效提高机体的平均日增重,而GSFP和IOFP改善生产性能的效果更为明显;各发酵产物对免疫器官发育和PBMC增殖表现出良好的促进作用,且效果与饲喂时间呈正比,其中IOFP效果最佳;3种发酵产物对于鸡肠道组织形态的发育和改善均能起到良好的作用,但作用位置有所差异,相比之下,IOFP的功效更强、更全面。说明3种发酵产物对鸡生长和免疫性能均有促进作用,其中IOFP展现出良好的禽类饲料添加剂和免疫增强剂的开发潜力。

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of edible and medicinal fungi fermentation products( GSFP,TRFP and IOFP) of Ganoderma sinense,Trametes robiniophila and Inonotus obliquus on growth and immune performance of specific pathogen free( SPF) chickens. The fungi fermentation products were added into the basal diet. Then the growth performance indexes including average daily gain and feed conversion ratio,immune organ index,peripheral blood lymphocyte( PBMCs) proliferation rate,and intestinal morphology of the chickens were determined and analyzed at different time points. The results showed that compared with negative control,all kinds of fermentations could effectively increase the average daily gain,while GSFP and IOFP could significantly reduce the feed conversion ratio,which revealed better effect on growth performance. All fermentations could effectively promote the development of immune organs and proliferation of PBMC,and the effect was in direct proportion to the feeding time. The effect of IOFP was the best,Moreover,development of the intestinal morphology in chickens were improved by the fungi fermentations,although the positions of action were not the same. By contrast,the effect of IOFP was better in promoting the development of intestine than others. The results indicated that the three edible and pharmaceutical fungi fermentations could promote the growth and immune performance of chickens,and IOFP showed great potential of feed additive and immunostimulants.