四川省农户生猪散养效率及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the efficiency and influencing factors of rural households’ pig free-range breeding in Sichuan Province

在生猪养殖规模化发展的大背景下,如何保障生猪散养农户的利益是乡村振兴中不可回避的话题,而提高养殖效率是其关键所在。笔者利用四川省25个县(市、区)的微观调查数据,基于DEA-Tobit模型,测度了农户生猪散养效率,并深入剖析其影响因素。结果表明:四川农户生猪散养存在规模经济优势,但效率普遍较低,技术水平是制约发展的重要瓶颈;生猪散养不稳定性高,波动较大,易受来自自然和市场'双重'风险的影响;健康状况、家庭收入、到乡镇(村)主干道的距离、养殖经验、养猪收入所占比例、生猪商品率、饲料市场化程度高会显著促进农户生猪散养效率,而家庭规模起显著抑制作用。最后提出,应加强先进适用养殖技术培训,引导适度规模化、商品化养殖,多途径提高家庭收入水平,夯实生猪散养基础条件及优化生猪养殖制度环境等政策建议。

Under the background of the large-scale development of pig breeding,how to protect the interests of pig breeding in the free-range farmers is an unavoidable topic in rural revitalization,and improving the efficiency of breeding is the key.Based on the micro-survey data of 25 counties(cities,districts)in Sichuan Province,the author measured the free-range efficiency of pigs based on the DEA-Tobit model and analyzed the influencing factors.The results showed that there was a scale economy advantage in pig free-range breeding in Sichuan but the efficiency was generally low.The technical level was an important bottleneck restricting the development.The pig free-range breeding were highly unstable and volatile,and were vulnerable to'double'from nature and market.Health status,family income,distance to main roads of townships(villages),breeding experience,proportion of pig income,pig commodity rate,and marketization degree of feed significantly promoted the free-range breeding efficiency of pig farmers,while family scale played a significant inhibiting role.Finally,some policy suggestions were put forward,such as strengthening the training of advanced applicable breeding technology,guiding moderate scale and commercial breeding,increasing the level of family income by multiple ways,consolidating the basic conditions of free-range pig breeding and optimizing the system environment of pig breeding.