“肯定性行动”下加利福尼亚州黑人就业状况研究

A study on employment of the black people in California under “Affirmative Action”

1965年,约翰逊总统颁布了11246号行政命令,标志着"肯定性行动"政策正式出台。实施该政策的目的在于消除就业等领域对黑人等少数族裔及妇女的社会歧视,进而达到"结果公平"。加利福尼亚州作为"肯定性行动"的先行州,在促进黑人的平等就业方面取得了前所未有的进展。但相对于白人而言,黑人的就业率仍然较低。20世纪90年代,"肯定性行动"政策在加利福尼亚州首先被废止,黑人在就业等领域的反歧视斗争仍任重而道远。

In 1965,the executive order No. 11246 marked the establishment of 'Affirmative Action'by president Johnson. The 'Affirmative Action'was mainly to eliminate discrimination for the blacks and other minorities in the field of employment,and hope to achieve the goal of 'fair result'. California,as the first state 'Affirmative Action'in promoting equal employment had made unprecedented progress in the blacks.But relative to the whites,the blacks still had a lower employment rate. In the 1990 s,'Affirmative action'policies in California were abolished in the first place,the blacks in areas such as employment discrimination still had a long way to go.