清代避暑山庄官制演变与边疆治理

Evolution of the mountain resort official system and the border governance in the Qing dynasty

避暑山庄官员管理制度历经初步建立、制度化管理、衰落时期管理以及热河都统管理几个阶段。这一演变过程反映避暑山庄管理权由中央下放到地方,由积极、严密的"制度化"管理到消极、松散的管理。这一演变过程是清朝历史发展及北部边疆形势变化的结果,也是清代边疆政策调整的结果。

The mountain resort official systems in the Qing dynasty have experienced several periods: preliminary establishment,institutional management,management in the declining period,and Rehe general governing management. The evolution reflected the transformation of the mountain resort's management right from the central governance to local governance,from positive and strict 'institutionalized'system to negative,loose management. These changes were the results of the change in the history of Qing dynasty and the northern border situation,as well as the policy adjustment in the border of Qing dynasty.