语言静态多样性的句法解读——以汉语句法为例

A Syntactical Analysis of Static Diversity of Language——A Case Study of Chinese Syntax

静态是语言存在的状态之一,在静态层面上语言表现出多样性。要解读这种多样性的核心是句法层面的多样性。我们通过汉语句法为例发现句法层面的多样性体现出两种层级:一是宏观层级,即不同客体内容有不同句法形式表达或同一客体内容有多重句法形式表达;二是微观层级,即同一句法形式有多重句法变体。语言句法研究的首要任务就是要描写这种句法层面的静态多样性,这是句法动态研究的前提和基础。

The static state,one of the forms of existence for language,demonstrates the diversity of language;while the key to interpreting this diversity rests with the diversity of syntax. As is shown by a study of the Chinese syntax,the diversity of syntax is of two levels: the macro level,i. e. the expression of different objects by diverse syntactical forms or the illustration of one single object by multiple syntactical forms; the micro level,namely,the multiple variants of one syntactical form. The primary work of language syntax studies is to describe the static diversity of syntax,which is the premise and basis for the dynamic study of syntax.