道德自律与自救的价值追寻——论19世纪英国现实主义小说的伦理叙事

On the Ethical Narrative in British Novels of Realism in the Nineteenth Century

伦理叙事是19世纪英国现实主义小说的一个重要特征,它使作家在小说中遵循一定的伦理原则和道德标准,宣扬宽容、仁爱的道德力量和美德有报的伦理观念。在爱情婚姻题材中,伦理道德始终是支配主人公行动和人物命运的根本原因,在表现个人奋斗题材时,主人公则要经受道德考验和审判。产生这种特点的原因在于英国小说的道德训诫传统、文学理论的实用主义倾向以及19世纪英国的社会状况等。作家们借助文本表达伦理叙事的同时,也充分表达了他们对现实的强烈批判与对人性的深刻关注。

As a key feature of British novels of realism in the 19 thcentury,the ethical narrative enables the writers to follow some ethical principles and moral standards in novel writing,and advocates the moral power of tolerance,mercy as well as the ethical concept of good reward for virtue. On the topic of love and marriage,ethical morality is the primary cause for governing the action of the protagonist and the fate of characters. In themes of personal struggle,the protagonist is to be subjected to moral tests and judgment. The reasons for this lie in the pragmatism tendency in the traditional morality teaching and the literary theory of British novels as well as the social conditions of 19th-century Britain,etc. While expressing ethical narrative in the text,writers have also exhibited their strong criticism of the reality and their deep concern for humanity.