走马楼吴简所见商贸活动三题

Three Studies of Commercial Activities as Seen from the Wu Kingdom Bamboo Slips Discovered at Zoumalou

走马楼吴简有很多与商贸活动有关的内容。通过对相关资料的分析,本文认为,当时临湘侯国(县)境内不仅有商市,而且还可能设有军市。简中的'市吏(掾)'可能既要履行市场管理之职,又要兼负购售商品之责,并非专事其中一项。作为交易中介的'市会',其社会地位不及市吏,比较低下。吴简'地僦(就)钱',最直接的解释或当为'与地有关的僦(就)钱'。临湘邑下区域为临湘侯步骘'食地',居民所住之房地等于是向其租赁的,故需缴纳'地僦(就)钱'。至于'市租钱',其征收标准之高低则视商户所从事的商业行当而定。

The Wu Kingdom bamboo slips discovered at Zoumalou contains many records of activities related to commercial activities.Through the analysis of related materials,this article proposes that within the domain of Linxiang Marquis State(County)at the time there exist not only commercial Markets but also military markets.The official"market regulator"probably is in charge of both market management and the procurement and sale of commodities,rather than serving just one function.As a mediator in business dealings,the"market overseer"is lower in rank than the"market regulator".The"land rent"mentioned in these bamboo slips can be directly interpreted as"money collected as land rent".The region around the city of Linxiang is the"land of subsistence"of Bu Zhi,the Marquis of Linxiang.The land people live on is leased from him,so people have to pay"land rent".In terms of"market rent",the threshold of collected rent is decided by the trade of business of shops at the market.