闽北古廊桥调查

A Survey of Roofed Bridges in Northern Fujian

廊桥,别名屋桥、风雨桥,是在桥面上盖建廊屋而形成的特殊桥梁,有木拱、木平梁、石拱之分。其中木拱廊桥不仅是中国传统木构桥梁中技术含量最高的种类,而且是世界桥梁史上绝无仅有的一个品类。如今在我国能保存下来的为数极少,已被人们称为桥梁'活化石',只在闽、浙两省的闽北、宁德、丽水、温州几个地市有发现,仅100多座。闽北是中国现存古廊桥较集中地区之一,据不完全统计,如今闽北境内仍完好保存有160多座风格各异的古廊桥。作者用了两年时间对闽北现存古廊桥进行调查,形成了初步的调研报告。

Roofed bridges,also called“house”bridges or bridges against wind and rain,are special bridges built with a roof on top of the bridge surface.They fall into the three categories of wooden arch bridges,wooden girdle bridges and stone arch bridges.Of these,the roofed wooden arch bridges are not only technically the most diffi cult of China’s traditional wooden bridges but also the only type of its kind in the world history of bridge.Known as the“living fossils”of bridges,they are very limited in number.The existing 100 strong roofed wooden arch bridges are only found in northern Fujian Province and Ningde,Lishui and Wenzhou of Zhejiang Province,with northern Fujian one of the centers of existing ancient roofed bridges in China.Incomplete statistics show that there still exist over 160 ancient roofed bridges of various styles in northern Fujian.The author of this paper spent two years investigating these bridges and came up with this initial report.