望城蚂蚁山明墓二题

Two Issues Concerning the Ming Tomb at Mount Mayi of Wangcheng

望城蚂蚁山M1是近年来长沙地区所发掘的最为重要的明代墓葬,墓主望城蚂蚁山是近年来长沙地区所发掘的最为重要的明代墓葬,墓主张妙寿系明初谷王朱橞之乳母。结合考古发掘资料与历史文献,笔者认为,中国封建社会历朝历代之宫中乳母,其地位之高低均取决于服务对象的尊贵与否,不能概建社会历朝历代之宫中乳母其地位之高低均取决于服务对象的尊贵与否,不能概以'卑微'论之。皇帝之乳母是宫廷中继外戚、宦官之后不容忽视的又一种干政势力。藩王、公主之乳母则往往是其代言人,其地位和影响亦不可小视。墓中的佛道经书共藏现象或与谷王'谋逆'之事有关,与明初佛道合流之宗教大势并无必然联系。

M1 at Mount Mayi of Wangcheng is the most important Ming dynasty tomb excavated in the Changsha region in recent years.Zhang Miaoshou,the occupant of the tomb,was the wet mother of Zhu Hui—the Prince of Gu in the early Ming Dynasty.The author of this paper,by integrating archaeological findings with historical literature,believes that the social status of a wet mother in the imperial court of any Chinese dynasty is decided by the status of the person she served,so wet mothers should not be universally described as“humble”.The wet mother of an emperor sometimes constituted another non-neglectable force after the gaisekis and eunuchs in interfering with political issues in the court.The wet mother of a prince or princess was often the spokeswoman of her master,and her position and infl uence should not be neglected.The phenomenon that Daoist and Buddhist scriptures appeared together in the tomb is related to the“usurping”incident of the Prince of Gu,not necessarily to the general religious trend of the merger of Buddhism and Daoism in the early Ming Dynasty.