试论马王堆汉墓帛书《九主》篇中的“八商”(下)

A Discussion of "Bazhe" in Jiuzhu from the Silk Manuscripts of Han Tombs at Mawangdui(Ⅱ)

马王堆汉墓帛书《九主》篇,以伊尹与汤论'九主之事'为主要内容。其中有'八主適恶','凡与法君为九主',又提到'八商毕名。过在主者四,罪在臣者三,臣主同罪者二'。对两个文句的关系,尤其对其中的'八商'问题,学界尚未形成统一的认识。本文对以往各家的观点作出讨论,对这两处既有联系又有区别的文字进行研究,并借此对'八商'的命名及其产生原因作出探讨,希望能有助于更好地理解'九主'问题。此篇为下半部分。

Jiuzhu,one of the Silk Manuscripts from the Han tombs at Mawangdui,is mainly about the history of"Jiuzhu"elaborated by Yi Yin to the King of Tang.It contains the words"eight kinds of seigneurs who have fault and sin"and"Jiuzhu include all the eight kinds of seigneurs and the excellent seigneur as defined by Taoism and Legalism".It also mentions that"all the eight kinds of defective seigneurs have been named.Four of them are blemished by their own faults,three by the fault of their ministers,and two by ambilateral responsibility".The academic world has not reached a consensus on the relationship between these two sentences,particularty on the issue of"Bazhe".This paper explores all previous views,studies these two interrelated but different sentences,and discusses the nomenclature"Bazhe"and the reason for its origin,in hopes of bringing about a better understanding of"Jiuzhu".This article here is the second half of the entire paper.