慈氏塔的建筑特点和修建年代分析

An Analysis of the Architectural Characteristics and the Time of Construction of Cishi Pagoda

慈氏塔是岳阳历史文化名城的重要组成部分,也是岳阳古城中,可与岳阳楼、岳阳文庙齐名的地标性建筑之一。最早的慈氏塔为木塔,创建于晋或唐,后因种种原因被毁。而现存的慈氏塔究竟重建于何时?考证和研究的意见却不尽相同。比较一致的意见认为该塔重建于南宋淳祜二年(1242年)。在2011年冬的慈氏塔搭架实测中,笔者通过对塔龛、塔顶新发现的文物以及慈氏塔建筑风格的考察,证明现存慈氏塔重建于北宋治平三年(1066年),距今已有946年历史。南宋淳祐二年及以后的元、明、清各朝均对慈氏塔进行了不同程度的维修,最后一次维修是清嘉庆二十四年(1819年)。

Cishi Pagoda is an important part of Yueyang as a famous historical and cultural city,also is a landmark structure of the ancient city of Yueyang in the same rank of Yueyang Tower and Yueyang’s Confucius Temple.The earliest Cishi Pagoda was a wooden structure built in the Jin or Tang dynasty,which was destroyed for various reasons.As to when the pagoda was rebuilt,verifications and researches do not agree with each other in their results.The closest agreement is that it was rebuilt in the second year of Chunyou Reign of Southern Song dynasty(1242).The actual measurement with scaffolds of Cishi Pagoda in 2011 and the investigation of the its niche,the new cultural relics discovered on its top and the architectural style of this pagoda prove that the existing Cishi Pagoda was rebuilt in the third year of Zhiping Reign of Northern Song dynasty(1066),which means the pagoda has now a history of 946 years.The pagoda underwent different degrees of maintenance and repair in the second year of Chunyou Reign of Southern Song dynasty and the subsequent Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,with the last maintenance done in the 24th year of Jiaqing Reign of the Qing dynasty(1819).