从考古发现看楚人进占湖南的历程

The Course of the Chu People’s Occupation of Hunan as Seen from Archaeological Discoveries

由考古发现和采集的楚公铜戈,说明在西周中晚期楚文化可能已经影响到湘北地区。澧县、湘阴的一些春秋早期古文化遗址中出土有典型的成套楚式器物。春秋中期楚墓已在澧县、岳阳被发现。春秋晚期楚墓已见于汨罗、益阳、桃江、长沙、湘乡、溆浦、常德等地。由萍乡田中古城的废弃和'楚庄王获萍实'的记载,说明'楚国势力进入湘潭、株洲、萍乡一线的时间'在'公元前500年前后',由此证明'春秋楚地不到湖南''益阳没有战国早期楚墓''长沙楚墓的年代至少要晚一个期段'等论点都站不住脚了。战国早期楚人逐渐进占湘南地区,大概要到战国早中期之际,楚人才占领湖南全境。

Archaeological discoveries and the acquired bronze dagger-axe with the inscription of'楚公'indicate that Chu culture might have extended its influence to northern Hunan in the middle and late Western Zhou period.One typical set of Chu-style vessels have been unearthed from some ancient cultural ruins of the early Spring and Autumn Period in Lixian and Xiangyin counties.Chu tombs from the mid-Spring and Autumn Period have been discovered in Lixian and Yueyang,while Chu tombs from the late Spring and Autumn Period have been discovered in places like Miluo,Yiyang,Taojiang,Changsha,Xiangxiang,Xupu and Changde.The abandonment of the Tianzhong ancient town in Pingxiang and the record of'Duke Zhuang of Chu acquiring Pingshi'show that'the time when Chu influence entered Xiangtan,Zhuzhou and Pingxiang'should be'around 500 BC'and accordingly rule out such arguments as'the Chu domain did not include Hunan in the Spring and Autumn Period','no Chu tomb from the early Warring States Period exist in Yiyang'and'the date of Chu tombs in Changsha should be late by at least one period'.The Chu people gradually entered southern Hunan in the early Warring States Period and it is not until early mid-Warring States Period that the Chu people occupied the whole of Hunan.