上鄀公簠相关问题探析

Issues Related to the Bronze Fu with the Inscription of “Duke of Shangruo”

淅川下寺楚墓M8出土的上鄀公簠,是上鄀公为叔芈、番妃所作媵器。此簠时代晚于鄀国灭亡时间,是一件典型的楚器。簠铭中的'上鄀公'当为楚上鄀县县公、M8墓主薳以邓,叔芈是他的女儿,番妃则是媵女。据青铜器铭文来看,一器媵二女的现象在周代江汉地区较为流行。这类铜器铭文中的女性名字,次序上嫡先而媵后,遵守礼法等级,称谓格式则因作器者立场不同存在明显区别。目前所见媵二女的铜器中,上鄀公簠的作器者是楚国县公,这是较为特殊的。

The bronze fu with the inscription of'Duke of Shangruo'unearthed from the Chu Tomb M8 at Xiasi in Xichuan is part of the dowry prepared by the Duke of Shangruo for Shumi and Fanfei.This vessel of typical Chu State style was made later than the perish of the Ruo State.The'Duke of Shangruo'in the inscription should refer to Wei Yideng,the county duke of Shangruo County in the State of Chu and the tomb occupant of M8.Shumi was his daughter and Fanfei the nuptial maid of Shumi.The inscription on this bronze shows that using one vessel for the marriage of two women was quite popular in the Jianghan region during the Zhou dynasty.The appearance of the names of women in the inscriptions on such bronzes followed the hierarchal order of lineal descendants first and maids second,while denominations showed obvious difference due to the standpoint of the makers of the vessels.Among bronzes made for two women,this fu was made by a county duke of the Chu State—quite unique.