长沙、西安中小型西汉墓的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Medium and Small Western Han Tombs in Changsha and Xi’an

此文是以长沙的一千余座西汉中小型墓与西安的部分西汉墓进行比较研究。在墓葬形制方面差异很大,长沙的西汉墓都是土坑墓,而西安主要是洞室墓,并在西汉中期后段出现券顶砖室墓。其主要原因是各自受当地传统文化影响,长沙是受楚文化的影响,而西安是继承了秦人的洞室墓。在随葬器物方面差异也很大。并就陶器的质地、组合、器型、纹饰,比较其异同。指出长沙所出西汉早期铜镜品种多,纹饰复杂多样,是受楚镜的影响。西汉中晚期长沙、西安的铜镜大同小异。在货币方面,西安出有大量金属货币,而长沙出土大量的泥质货币半两、五铢、泥金版、泥金饼;长沙还出土有大量的滑石器是其特点。

This paper compares more than 1,000 small Western Han tombs in Changsha and some Western Han tombs in Xi’an.The great difference in terms of shape lies in the fact that Western Han tombs in Changsha are all earth-pit tombs while those in Xi’an are mostly cave-chamber tombs and,after the mid-Western Han Dynasty,vaulted brick chamber tombs.The main reason for this is that each was influenced by its local traditional culture whereas Changsha was influenced by the Chu culture and Xi’an inherited the cave-tomb tradition of the Qin people.The tombs also differ greatly in burial objects.The paper thus compares the similarities and differences of pottery vessels in terms of their texture,combination,shape and patterns.It points out that early Western Han bronze mirrors unearthed in Changsha show a great variety,a complexity of designs,and an influence of Chu bronze mirrors while middle and late Western Han bronzes from both Changsha and Xi’an are similar.As to currency,a large number of metallic coins have been unearthed in Xi’an and a great quantity of earthen half-tael coins,Wuzhu coins,earthen gold ingots and cakes have been unearthed in Changsha.The large number of talc vessels unearthed in Changsha is also a feature of the tombs there.