土地确权与农民土地权益保护的理论思考

A Theoretical Research on Land Confirmation and Farmers' Land Rights

截至2018年年底,我国农村地区经过五年的艰苦努力已基本完成土地确权工作。但理论界及业界对土地确权仍存有疑虑:一是确权是否会导致土地私有化;二是确权可能导致交易成本上升;三是确权可能有违初衷,不利于农村土地流转。对于这些问题,应从实践是检验真理的唯一标准出发,结合马克思产权理论和中国农村国情,厘清农村土地确权不是土地私有化,土地确权有助于农民土地经营权的流转和保护农民应有的土地权益。土地确权后的土地流转应在农民享有土地权利与义务相统一的原则下进行,即农民享有长久稳定的土地承包权和获得合法合规的土地流转租金与履行耕地保护义务、遵循土地流转的法律法规相一致。农村土地科学、规范、有序流转是推动现代农业发展和实现乡村振兴的重要抓手。

China spent 5 years to have fundamentally completed the work of the confirmation of land rights in rural areas up to the end of 2018.However,there are still doubts in theory and practice concerning the confirmation of land right.It is mainly manifested in the following aspects:the first is whether the confirmation of land rights will lead to the privatization of the land;the second is that the confirmation of land rights may lead to the increase of transaction costs;the third is that the confirmation of land may be contrary to the original intention,which is not conducive to the transfer of rural land.In combination with the actual conditions of China’s rural areas,the article uses the analytical methods of Marx’s Dialectical Materialism to demonstrate that confirmation of rural land rights is not privatization but in contrast,it helps to accelerate the land transfer and protect the rights of the farmers.The land transfer should be conducted under the unified principles of land rights and responsibilities of the owners.That is,they have long and stable contracted land rights and they have the responsibilities to protect the land while gaining the land transfer fee in accordance with the relevant laws.The scientific,orderly land transfer is an important way to promote the development of modern agriculture in rural areas.