宋代赠谥资格再探

Re-exploration on the Qualification of Donating Posthumous Title in the Song Dynasty

宋代赠官扩大了赠谥的范围,对赠谥资格可谓有力的补充和完善。宋代赠官与赠谥都是对官员身后盖棺定论的重要评价,二者有着十分紧密的关联。宋代赠谥资格有所变化,宋初至宋真宗景德年间文武官阶至正三品、宋真宗大中祥符年间至元丰改制文武官阶至正三品与赠官至正三品、元丰改制后至南宋寄禄官阶或武官阶至正三品与赠至正三品者均可得谥。与此同时,宋代也存在部分官员官品未至上述标准因特殊原因而获得谥号者。从宋代文官、武将、宦官赠官出发,可知赠官达到一定级别可以赠谥。赠官与赠谥对宋人具有强大吸引力,是宋朝时代价值观的一种体现。

Zengguan extended the scope of donating posthumous title in the Song dynasty.Zengguan in the Song dynasty was a powerful complement and improvement to qualification of posthumous title.Both Zengguan and donating posthumous title were important evaluations of the conclusion for the officials who were covered their coffins behind their death in the Song dynasty,and both of them were closely related.There were some changes of posthumous title’s qualification in the Song dynasty.Civilian officials and military general whose official rank had reached the third grade from the beginning of Song dynasty to Jing De period could obtain posthumous title.Civilian officials or military general whose official rank or Zengguan had reached the third grade from Dazhongxiangfu of Zhenzong to Yuanfeng Reform and from Yuanfeng Reform to Southern Song dynasty all could obtain posthumous title.Meanwhile,there were also some officials who did not satisfy the above standards and obtained the posthumous title for special reasons in the Song dynasty.Starting from civil officials,military general and eunuchs in Song Dynasty,it could be seen that officials whose rank grade was not high enough but Zengguan reached a certain level could also obtained posthumous title.Zengguan and donating posthumous title had strong attraction to people in the Song dynasty and it was also a reflection of the values of the Song dynasty.