论人的自由的实践根源及其生命表现——西方哲学的自由主张及马克思哲学对它的实践批判

The Practice of Human Freedom and Its Manifestation of Life: The Freedom of Western Philosophy and the Critique of Marxist Philosophy

西方哲学对于人的自由的根源与表现问题,无论是从人的信仰的不彻底、感性的不全面抑或从人的理性的不完善、意识的不觉悟等出发,都以价值预设的逻辑理路从'应然之自由'指责了'实然之不自由'。这些先验的、形而上的自由主张,因远离了现实的人及其'能动的类生活',既不能探察出导致人之不自由的经济原因与制度根源,也没有把握住人的积极的存在意义及其求解放的正确路径。而马克思发动人学革命的真正意义则在于,以实践活动铲除导致人的异化所由产生的社会关系,为推进人的'自由个性'的全面发展创造条件。

The root of human’s freedom and performance in the Western philosophy follows the logical path presupposed by value blaming'being not free'from'ought to be free',either due to the imperfectness of belief,incompleteness of perception,or unawareness of consciousness.Its metaphysical freedom neither detects the economic cause of man’s freedom and root system,nor does it grasp the existence of the positive meaning or liberate the correct path,as it gets away from the reality of people and their'changing the class of life'.While to Marx,a revolution of human’s true meaning is that,in practice it is to remove the social relations which lead to alienation of people and promote the all-around development of man’s'freedom personality'.