论俄罗斯文学中的分身现象

On the Phenomenon of Body Separation in Russian Literature

分身现象是'二重身'文学母题的一个基本类型。在'二重身'思维获得精神分析学说的解剖之后,分身现象的文学批评也具有了更为坚实的理论基础。其核心内涵在于借助幻想展开'分身'叙事,在'一体双身'的身影分离态势下,潜藏着同一个体兼具两面性的内在逻辑。俄罗斯分身题材的作品也毫不例外地复演着这一逻辑,并且在'两极化'民族文化心理的支撑下,将这种内在的两面性演绎得更加丰富多彩。从逃离主体的'鼻子'和激烈争斗的'双身',到富含自我否定意味的'黑影人',分身现象跨越了俄罗斯文学的不同时期。在这些分身题材的作品中,基于分身与母体之间所建立的不同关系,而彰显出离合、对抗、审视等主旨意涵的渐进发展,构成了一系列俄罗斯民族性格'两极化'特征的形象书写。

The phenomenon of body separation is a basic type of the'double'literature motif.After the dissection of the'double'by psychoanalytic theory,the literary criticism of the phenomenon of body separation has more solid theoretical basis.It represents its core connotation by using the fantasy to unfold the narration of'body separation'.In the'double in one'situation,which separates the shadow from the body,hides the logic that the same individual has two sides.Russian literature works of'body separation'also repeatedly embody this logic,and with the support of'polarization'in national cultural psychology,make this inner duality more varied and richer.From the'nose'which fled from the body and'the double'which fought strongly each other,to'black man'which contained a meaning of self-denial,the phenomenon of body separation has been embodied in Russian literature through different periods.These works with the theme of body separation,based on the different relationships between the separated body and the original body,represented a gradual development of various themes and connotations of separation and reunion,fight,and review,which have been a series of visualized portrayal of'polarization'of Russian national character.