浅议意大利环境损害鉴定评估制度

On Italian Environmental Damage Assessment System

意大利环境损害鉴定评估起步较早,在欧盟法律框架下形成了自己独特的环境损害鉴定评估制度。在法律体系上,意大利以欧盟责任指令和国内环境法典为基础,明确了环境损害鉴定评估的主体、对象以及鉴定评估机构的相关职能;在工作机制上,意大利以环境、领土与海洋部为领导监督主体,通过意大利环境保护与研究院形成了政府—机构和中央—地方的管理体系,保证了环境损害鉴定工作的统一协调性;在鉴定评估方法上,意大利采取了欧盟推荐的鉴定评估方法,又积极地参与了欧盟相关数据库与工具包的开发,实现了评估方法的科学和一致性。

Environmental damage assessment in Italy started early,and formed its own unique environmental damage assessment system under the framework of European Union law.In terms of legal system,Italy defines the subject,object and related functions of the appraisal and assessment institution of environmental damage on the basis of the EU Responsibility Directive and the domestic environmental code.In terms of working mechanism,Italy takes the Ministry of Environment,Territory and Oceans as the leading supervisory body and forms government-institution and central-local management through the Italian Institute of Environmental Protection and Research.The system guarantees the unification and coordination of environmental damage assessment.In the assessment methods,Italy has adopted the methods recommended by the European Union,and actively participated in the development of relevant databases and toolkits of the European Union,thus achieving the scientific and consistent assessment methods.By summarizing,we can learn from Italy’s beneficial experience in environmental damage assessment,and provide new ideas for exploring and perfecting China’s environmental damage assessment system.