澧阳平原新石器时代聚落壕沟功用分析

Research on the Function of the Moat of Neolithic Settlement in Liyang Plain

澧阳平原史前聚落外围常见有壕沟。分析八十垱、城头山、优周岗和鸡叫城诸聚落的壕沟材料,可知其最初是先民为适应地理气候环境,改善聚落日常栖居生活条件而造,旨在排涝和沥湿。城头山聚落大溪文化时期,壕沟在防御和对外水上交通方面也开始发挥功用,屈家岭文化时期的护城河,防御功用退化,但又有水源地的功用。石家河文化时期之鸡叫城聚落群,随着聚落的等级分化和集群化,壕沟发展为聚落群间以中心城址聚落为中心的复杂的网状沟渠系统,增添了规划各次级聚落生产生活区的社会管理功能。

The moat was usually discovered at the periphery of prehistoric settlement in Liyang plain.This paper analyzed the materials of the moat of Bashidang site,Chengtoushan site,Youzhougang site and Jijiaocheng site,realizing that the moat was the result of ancestors adapted to their surrounding geographical environment and ameliorated the living condition of dwelling,aiming to drain flooded field.In the period of Daxi Culture,the defense and the external water transportation began to perform their functions in the moat of Chengtoushan settlement.In the period of Qujialing Culture,while the moat gradually lost the defensive function,the function of the water source was added.Until the Jijiaocheng settlement of Shijiahe culture,the moat evolved to complex reticular ditch system with the central city settlement as the center among the settlement groups.Then the function of social management was added to plan the production and living districts for each secondary settlement.