古代棉花和苎麻纤维的分析

The Analysis of the Ancient Cotton and Ramie Fiber

古人为了增强建筑材料之间的拉结能力和强度,防止其干燥后开裂变形,往往将各种植物纤维作为筋料与黏土混合制成各种材料,广泛用于房屋、城墙、壁画等。通过对现代自然纤维形态的研究,总结出棉花、苎麻、大麻等纤维在显微镜下的鉴定特征,并将其用于鉴定湖南老司城遗址城墙黏合材料和新疆壁画材料的纤维,确认两处古代建筑材料中的纤维分别是棉花和苎麻。

The ancient,people often made all kinds of building materials using various plant fibers as reinforcement material mixed with clay,which can strengthen the tensile strength between building materials prevent cracking and deforming after drying.This technique was widely used in building houses,walls,wall paintings,etc.The author summarized the identiflcation features of the fiber of cotton,ramie,hemp under the microscope based on the research of the modern natural fiber and applied it in the identification of fibrous matter of the wall adhesive material of Laosicheng site in Hunan and mural material in Xinjiang,which confirming the two kinds fibers of the two ancient building were cotton and ramie,respectively.