商周时期湖南与岭南的交通——以出土铜器为中心

The Ancient Traffic between Hunan and South of the Five Ridges in Shang and Zhou Dynasties:Focus on the Excavated Bronze Wares

南岭是南中国最重要的一条地理分界线,也是一条文化上的分界线。由于南岭山系多由南北走向的山脉组成,山岭之间存在许多河谷走廊和盆地,这为南岭南北的交通创造了条件。本文在分析桂东北和粤北出土部分青铜器以及湖南出土部分青铜器、硬陶器和原始瓷器的基础上,考察了商周时期南岭南北的交通路线,认为商周时期湖南与岭南的交通路线至少存在东面的北江通道和西面的桂江通道两条主要路线。这两条交通线的形成,基本奠定了以后湖南与岭南交通的大格局。秦平岭南时打通了东、西两条线路之间的连江水道,成功地将东、西两条干线连通,形成了一个道路交通网。此后历朝历代经过增补,形成了今天的交通格局。

The South of the Five Ridges(Nanling) is not only the most important geographical boundaries in South China,but also a cultural dividing line.Because Nanling Mountain system is mostly composed by many north-south mountains,and lots of the valley corridors and basins are also formed among them,it provides favorable conditions for the traffic routes between north and south of Nanling.Based on the analysis of some unearthed bronzes in northern Guangdong and northeast of Guangxi,as well as part of the unearthed bronzes,hard potteries and proto-porcelains in Hunan,this paper studies the traffic routes between north and south of Nanling in Shang and Zhou dynasties,considering that there are at least two main traffic routes between Hunan and South of the Five Ridges in Shang and Zhou dynasties,that is Beijiang(north river) channel on the east and Guijiang(Gui river)channel on the west.These two traffic lines basically established the later general structure of the communication between Hunan and South of the Five Ridges.The Lianjiang(Lian river) channel between them was dredged to successfully link the east and west main routes to become a road traffic network when Qin reoccupied South of the Five Ridges.Thereafter it was supplemented through successive dynasties,resulting in today’s traffic situation.