论合同制度对婚姻法修改的重要启示

On the Important Revelation of the Amendment of Marriage Law from the Contract System

婚姻与合同虽然在法律属性上有重大的差异,但同时也在自由理念、合作本质与治理核心等方面具有高度的相似性,因而婚姻法的修改和完善可以从合同制度中获得重要启示。在结婚制度方面,法律应当着力于扩展人们的婚姻信息,培育人们的婚姻理性,在不侵犯婚姻自由的前提下引导人们走出婚姻误区,避免不完全信息与有限理性对婚姻合作均衡的破坏。在婚姻效力与夫妻关系制度方面,法律应当赋予婚姻主体在违反私益要件婚姻的效力方面以更多的选择权,以及在法律规定的框架内自由设置权利义务清单的自由。而在离婚制度方面,法律则需要以"婚姻期待利益"为核心设置诉讼离婚标准,按照"未成年子女最大利益原则"规定亲权与监护等人身权利,赋予未成年子女独立分割家庭共有财产、生活费用预先支付等财产权利。即使在无过错离婚中,也应当要求男方在力所能及的范围内对女方作出一定程度的补偿,以阻止婚姻中的机会主义行动,实现当事人之间的利益平衡。

Though marriage and contract have significant differences on the legal property , they have a high degree of similarity in idea of freedom, the cooperative nature and governance core, thus important revelation of the modification and improvement of the Marriage Law can be obtained from the contract system. The marriage system, the law should focus on extending marriage information, nurturing marriage rationality, guide people out of the marriage mistakes to avoid destruction of marriage cooperation by incomplete information and bounded rationality. In the system of marriage effect and the relationship between husband and wife, the law should give more options to marriage subject in violation of the validity of the marriage, and freedom of set the rights and obligations freely. For the divorce system, the law should set divorce standards in core of the expecting interest of marriage, set parental rights and custody in accordance with the principle of best interests of the minor children", give the minor children independent division of the family property, pre-paid property rights of the cost of living. Even in the no-fault divorce, the male should give compensation for the female within the scope of a certain degree in order to stop opportunism action to achieve balanced interests between the parties.