新贫困陷阱:少数民族地区信贷扶贫政策反思

New Poverty Trap: Policy Reflection on Credit Poverty Alleviation in Minority Areas

少数民族地区农民家庭因其落后的家计模式导致深度贫困,而消费的现代化滋生家庭信贷需求。信用社的信贷扶贫政策创新为农民贷款提供了便利,然而,贫困户因其实物经济的生产方式与信贷经济货币化特点不适配、不固定收入与信贷固定支出不适配、农民家庭低积累和信贷高额本息的体量不适配,导致部分贫困家庭因无法按期偿还本金,通过"利息养本金"的方式不断追加债务,陷入新贫困陷阱。对此,少数民族地区的反贫困工作应该通过激发家庭发展能力、教育农民观念而实现家庭积累;同时完善信用社贷款政策,控制农民因信贷致贫的风险。

Rural households in ethnic minority areas suffer from deep poverty due to their backward household production models, while the consumption modernization generates the demand for household credit. The innovation of credit poverty alleviation policy provides the convenience for farmers’ loans. However, because farmers’ physical economy mode of production does not fit with the monetization characteristics of credit economy, irregular income does not fit with fixed outcome of loans, and the low accumulate of farmer household does not fit with the high principal and interest on the loans, it leads to some poor families unable to repay the principal on schedule, and they are caught into a new poverty trap through the way of 'interest raise principal' to increase debt. In this regard, anti-poverty work in minority areas should realize family accumulation by stimulating family development ability and renewing farmers’ conventional concept. At the same time, governments should improve the credit cooperative loan policy and control the risk that farmers will become poor due to credit.