南北方黑木耳916品种的形态特征及营养成分比较

Morphological Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Black Fungus 916 from South and North of China

为了比较南北方黑木耳916品种的形态特征和营养成分,采用显微镜观察、分光光度计检测、ICP-AES元素分析等方法,观察了南北方黑木耳916的孢子、子实体切面,测定其主要化学成分及矿质元素的含量。结果表明,南北方黑木耳均为朵状、褐色,但南方黑木耳颜色稍浅,子实体稍小,子实体中的胶质略多于北方的;南北方黑木耳的孢子形态结构相似,均透明,呈月牙状、肾形或柱形;在营养成分上,南方黑木耳的水分、粗脂肪、蛋白质和多糖的含量高于北方黑木耳,而粗灰分和黑色素的含量低于北方黑木耳,钠、铁含量也低于北方黑木耳。

In orderto com pare the biologicalcharacteristics and the differences ofchem icalcom position ofthe sam e variety ofblack fungus betw een south and north ofC hina, the m icroscope, spectrophotom eterm easurem ents and IC P-A ES analysis m ethods w ere used to observe and analyze the biologicalcharacteristics ofa variety 916 ,such as the spores,fruiting body section and apparentm orphology ofblack fungus from north and south ofC hina;and the m ain chem icalcom ponents and the contentofm ineralelem ents w ere tested in this study.The results show ed thatfruiting body ofblack fungus in the south and north looked like brow n ear in shape,butthe form er w as light-colored.Fruiting body ofthe southern w as sm aller,and its pectin w as m ore.The m orphology ofblack fungus spores in the north and south is sim ilar,w hich is transparent,crescentshaped,kidney-shaped or cylindrical.The w ater,crude fat,crude protein and polysaccharide contentin southern black fungus w ere higherthan those ofthe northern black fungus,butthe crude ash and m elanin contentw ere low er,and the contentofsodium or iron from southern black fungusw aslow erthan thatofthe northern.