纸抄时代文集编纂、流传方式与文学的传播——以李白诸小集到正集衍变过程考察为中心

Compiling Method and Circulating of the Collections in the Time of Hand-Copying——From the Subsets to Official Sets of Libai

纸抄时代,正集产生前文人作品多以小集传世,如李白生前有律诗、乐府歌行等小集,反映了诗人在各个阶段对诗体的关注点不同。从现存李白集宋本可见出印本全集分卷略存纸抄小集原貌。如同诗异题的现象缘于不同小集的编集原则,仅见于宋咸淳本的"杂拟"卷目源于原初小集的名称,宋本歌吟卷或与《日本国见在书目》所录"《李白歌行集》三卷"一类小集相关,《古风》两卷可能是逐次增添成的小集。印本全集流行前,以小集形态形成的正集并不稳定,诸小集在流行中亦有分合增减的变化。此在《文苑英华》这类总集中也有体现。全集流行是印刷时代之后的事,此前各小集应是作家显示文学存在的主要方式,相关的文学批评也以此为对象。

In the time of hand-copying,before the official sets came into being,the literary works were generally spread in the form of subsets. For example,when Li Bai was alive,he had subsets such as Lüshi and Yuefu Song,reflecting his different concerns on the style of the verse at different stages.From the existing sets of Li Bai of Song Dynasty,we can see that the volumes of the complete set have the pattern of the original subsets. For instance,the same poem might have different titles in accordance with the compiling principles of different subsets; the'miscellaneous quasi'volume,appeared in the copy of Song Dynasty( Xianchun) only,was named after the original subset; the singing volume of Song Dynasty was related to the sets like Li Bai Songs III volumes recorded in Japan Bibliography; and the two volumes of Antiquity might be subsets added little by little. Before the spreading of complete sets,the official sets formed of subsets were not stable,and the subsets were changing during the spreading,which was also reflected in complete anthologies such as Wen Yuan Ying Hua. Complete sets became popular in the printing-era,before which subsets were the primary ways for writers to share literature,and the related literary criticism also took them as the subjects.