供给侧结构性改革:产业革命的视角

Analyzing the Supply-Side Structural Reform Based on the Industrial Revolution

供给侧问题是产业发展滞后于新一代产业革命的必然结果,供给侧改革应与新一代产业革命同步。三次产业革命的更迭进化,遵循着"脑体劳动分离——体力劳动替代——规模化体力劳动替代——脑力劳动替代"的逻辑路线,每一次更迭都对人类劳动进行了更深层次的替代。从劳动资料、生产方式和生产关系的变革来看,产业革命的起点是"工具机"的出现;从科学技术与演进逻辑的关系来看,产业革命或工业化的实质是基于科学技术进步的机器体系对人类劳动的替代。供给侧结构性改革以实现第四次产业革命为改革目标,应从三方面着手:重视科学技术变革,以创新要素驱动供给侧结构性改革;实现劳动力要素的有效配给,促进供给侧生产能力的提升;营造共享的生产消费系统,实现供给侧产业结构优化。

Supply-side problems are the corollary of industrial development lagging behind the new generation of industrial revolution,so the supply-side reforms should be synchronized with the new generation of industrial revolution. The evolution of three industrial revolutions followed the logical route of'the separation of physical and mental labor-the substitution for physical labor-the substitution for mass physical labor-the substitution for mental labor ',in which the substitution of human labor was becoming deeper and deeper. Seeing from the evolution of means of labor,mode of production and production relations,the beginning of the industrial revolution is the emergence of 'machine tools'; while from the relationship of scientific technology and evolution logic,the essence of industrial revolution or industrialization is the substitution of the machine system based on scientific and technological progress for human labor. The goal of supply-side reform is to achieve the fourth industrial revolution,and the reform should be conducted in three aspects:attaching importance to scientific and technological change to drive supply-side structural reforms; realizing the effective ration of labor factors to promote the ability of the supply side of production; creating a shared production and consumption system to realize structural optimization of supply-side industry.