京师大学堂科学教育变革中的文化碰撞——基于课程改革的视角

Cultural Conflict in the Reform of Science Education in the Imperial University of Peking——Seeing from the Perspective of Curriculum Reform

京师大学堂在1898年筹划时就非常重视科学课程的设置,但其真正实施科学教育是在1902年之后。京师大学堂的科学教育变革主要体现在科学课程的设置、教学方法和教师选聘上。京师大学堂的科学教育变革历程集中透射出中西文化强烈冲突、碰撞和融合的过程。大学堂科学教育的变革得益于中国文化传统中的科学要素,科学教育与人文教育在高等教育中实现了并立与融合,科学教育的教学方法开始动摇传统治学方式的根基,近代早期的本土科技人才成为社会变革的中坚力量。

When it was born in 1898,the Imperial University of Peking attached great importance to science curriculum,but the real implementation of science education was after 1902.The reform of science education in the Imperial University of Peking was mainly manifested in curriculum provision,teaching methods and teacher recruiting.The course of science education reform in the university reflected the conflicts,collisions and fusion of Chinese and western culture.The reform benefited from the scientific elements in China's cultural traditions.As a result,the coexistence and fusion of science education and humanistic education were realized in higher education,and the teaching methods of science education began to shake the foundation of traditional scholarship.Moreover,the early modern local scientific and technological personnel became the major force of the social change.