民法典中证据规范的优化配置

The Optimal Set of Evidence Norms in Civil Code

各国民法典都对证据规范的配置给予高度重视。无论从证据法的性质、法律适用理论,还是从证据规范对民法价值目标的贯彻来看,在民法中配置一定数量的证据规范都是无法避免的。我国既有的民事立法对证据规范的配置较为粗糙,较多依赖司法解释,影响了民法的实施效果。大陆法系国家对于民事证据规范的配置,存在法国模式和德国模式两种做法,各有优劣。我国立法机关在组织编纂民法典时,应当从民法与民事诉讼法的协同关系、证据规范配置的权限分配、证据规范配置的立法体例和立法语言技术等多个角度,对证据规范的配置作出全面回应和优化调整。

Most countries pay high attention to the design of evidence norms in their civil code. No matter from the nature of the evidence rule, the theory of law application, or from the evidence norms’ function for securing the vital value of civil law, it is unavoidable to set a certain number of evidence norms in civil law.However, the evidence norms set in China’s civil legislation are very rough, which reduced the operability of civil law. In the setting of evidence norms, both the French model and the German model have their advantages.In order to optimize the evidence norms, our legislators should deal well with the relationship between civil law and procedure law, clarify the legislative authority of the making of civil evidence norms, and properly handle the legislative language and system on evidence clause in civil law.