资本主义:基于经典文本的所指及定义分析

The Concept of Capitalism:The Signifies in the Texture of Marxist Classics and A Definition in Perspective of Social Formation

对马克思是否使用过"资本主义"这一学术公案的回顾表明,何谓资本主义是一个基本主题,对它的回答涉及到诸多重要问题的理解。通过对经典文本中"资本主义"的用法的梳理,我们可以发现,资本主义具有不同的所指,彼此不可以混淆。其中最重要的三个所指是:生产方式、经济制度和社会形态。显然给出一个统一的定义是不现实的。考虑到社会形态的特殊重要性,对资本主义给出如下定义:资本主义是以机器大生产为基础、以私人资本雇佣劳动作为其基本生产关系、以市场作为基本资源配置方式的社会形态。

The review of the controversy of whether Marx used the word'capitalism'shows the meaning of capitalism is the basic problem and the explication of it draws on many important questions.Thorough the discussion of the uses of'capitalism'in the Marxist classic textures,we find that the word'capitalism'has different signifies of which the most important are mode of production,economic system,and social formation.We cannot confound them and cannot define it in the only way.Since the social formation occupies a central position in the social theory,the article defines capitalism in the following way.Capitalism is a social formation that based on the mechanized large-scale production,and in which basic production relation is private capitals employ labour and basic way of resources allocation is market.