论美国国际贸易法院的发展及对我国的启示

Comment on Development of United States Court of International Trade (USCIT) and its Implications

美国国际贸易法院从首席验估师局到联邦海关法院再到国际贸易法院,不仅是法院名称的变化,更重要的是其法院的性质、地位和职能随着对外贸易的深入和案件数量与性质的变化而变化。性质从行政法院演变成司法法院,地位从财政部的一个机构升为宪法第一条法院再到宪法第三条法院,职能管辖从审查有限的有关归类和估价的海关局的裁决扩展到一切有关外经贸案件的审理。这一切变化都适应了美国国际贸易发展的需求,其国际贸易法院的专业性与便利性值得我国借鉴。

The name of United States Court of International Trade has changed from Chief Customs Appraiser Bureau,to United States Customs Court,and then to United States Court of International Trade.It is far more than the changes of names,but more importantly,the changes of the nature of court,status and functions,with the further development of international trade and the changes of numbers and natures of cases.The nature of court has evolved from an administrative court to a judicial court.The status has promoted from an organization of the financial department to a court mentioned in item one of the Constitution,and then to a court mentioned in item three of the Constitution.Its functional jurisdiction has extended from the limited examination of related classification and assessment of customs bureaus to the examination of all international trade cases.These changes have adapted to the demands of international trade developent of the United States.The speialization and convenience of USCIT provide useful references to China.