有限与有效:我国民办高校政府干预的应然模式

Limited but Effective: Oughtness Model of Governmental Intervention to Private Universities in China

由于民办高等教育产品的公共性、正外部性以及教育市场可能出现的"市场失灵"情形,政府干预不可避免。当然,政府并非是"全能"的,政府的干预应当是有限且有效的。现实中政府干预民办高校存在干预过度、干预不足、干预手段单一等种种失范现象。政府干预失当,是当前政府管理理念和职能转变滞后或职能创新不足的结果。政府干预不当,不仅影响了政府管理水平提升,还严重制约着民办高等教育持续健康发展。当前政府应切实转变政府管理理念和对民办教育的认识,调整其职能,改进干预方式与手段,积极培育和发展民办教育中介组织,放松经济性管制,以恢复民办高校应有的功能和活力。有限且有效是政府干预民办高等教育的应然角色。

Governmental intervention is inevitable to private universities because of private universities’ public character and positive externality as well as the possible occurrence of "market failure" in educational field. It’s no doubt that governments are not "all-round", so governmental intervention should be limited but effective. In reality, there are various phenomena of anomie in governmental intervention to private universities, either excessive or inadequate, or with a single means. The lagging of current governments’ management ideas and function transformation, or the inadequate function innovation, have caused the inappropriate governmental intervention, which not only influence the promotion of government management level but also hinder seriously the healthy and sustainable development of private universities. Governments should transform their management ideas practically, should have a better understanding to private universities, should adjust their functions, improve the means and measures of intervention, train and develop positively the intermediary organizations, loosen government regulation to a moderate degree, release powers gradually to the universities and the market, so as to recover private universities’ functions. Limited but effective intervention will be an ideal role for governments to private universities.