国际贸易理论再探讨

Further Reflections on International Trade Theories

尽管从世界经济的角度来衡量,世界贸易自由化有利于全球生产力的提高,但是传统的世界贸易理论并未关注到:贸易自由化的过程既然是一个实现世界经济布局的最优化的过程,也必然是一个淘汰非最优经济体的过程,必然对部分产业造成冲击;由于各国的产业竞争力是不断变化的,因此贸易自由化就是全球产业的一个不断竞争、优胜劣汰的过程;在这个过程中,在贸易实践中,各国都希望发挥自己的经济优势、保护本国的弱势产业;因此在国界未消失的现实世界中,贸易壁垒将持续存在下去,世界贸易的完全自由化注定难以实现。在现实中,世界贸易谈判的本质是各国围绕得失进行讨价还价的过程,因此自由贸易谈判调控着世界贸易将在何种程度上实现自由化,堪称实现世界贸易自由化的过程中的'调节器'。

Although measured in terms of world economy,the liberalization of world trade will help to improve global productivity, the traditional theories of world trade have not noticed: since the process of trade liberalization is a optimization process of realizing world economic layout, it is bound to be a process of elimination of non-optimal economy and it will inevitably impact on some industries. The industrial competitiveness of the countries in the world is constantly changing, so the liberalization of trade would be a process of ongoing competition and survival of the fittest between industries in different countries. In the practice of the trade, every country may hope to use their economic advantage and protect the country’s vulnerable industries, therefore in the realistic world of borders having not disappeared, the barriers will continue to exist and the full liberalization of world trade is difficult to realize. In reality, the essence of world trade talks is the bargaining process of gain of each country, therefore free trade negotiations would adjust the liberalization of world trade in some way and it can be called the "regulators" of the realization of world trade liberalization.