基于主成分分析的蓝莓果实质地品质评价

Evaluation of Fruit Texture Quality of Blueberry Based on Principal Component Analysis

为完善蓝莓果实质地品质评价体系,应用物性分析仪整果穿刺和质地多面分析法对22个蓝莓品种的果实质地品质进行测定,分析各质地参数间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法建立蓝莓果实质地品质优劣评价模型,对22个蓝莓品种的果实质地品质进行综合评价。结果表明,代表蓝莓果实质地品质的10个质地参数均存在品种间差异,其中品种间果皮破裂距离、果皮脆性、果皮韧性、果实硬度、粘附性、咀嚼性和回复性差异较大,果皮强度、弹性和内聚性差异较小。蓝莓果皮破裂距离与果皮强度、果皮韧性呈极显著正相关,果皮脆性与果皮韧性、果皮破裂距离呈极显著负相关,果实硬度与果实弹性呈显著负相关,咀嚼性与果实硬度、粘附性、弹性呈显著正相关,回复性与内聚性呈极显著正相关。采用主成分分析法建立了蓝莓果实质地品质综合评价指数模型,筛选出综合评价蓝莓果实质地品质的核心指标:果实硬度、果皮脆性和果实回复性。果实质地品质优良的参评蓝莓品种依次为大粒蓝金、克瑞顿、布莱登、陶柔、夏普蓝、莱格西、奥尼尔、泽西、米德、双迪。本研究结果为高品质蓝莓品种选育和良种采后储运、加工及销售提供了重要参考。

To improve fruit texture quality evaluation system of blueberry,fruit texture quality of 22 blueberry varieties were analyzed with whole fruit puncture test and texture profile analysis using texture analyzer. Correlations between the texture parameters were analyzed,and comprehensive evaluation of 22 blueberry cultivars was carried out using principal component analysis( PCA). The results showed that the 10 quality indicators were greatly different among different blueberry varieties. Peel rupture distance,peel brittleness,peel toughness,hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience had high difference between varieties. Meanwhile,peel strength,springiness,and cohesiveness had little difference between varieties. Correlation analysis showed that peel rupture distance was significantly positively correlated with peel strength and peel toughness. Peel brittleness had significant negative correlation with peel toughness and peel rupture distance. Hardness had significant negative correlation with springiness. Chewiness was significantly positively correlated with hardness, adhesiveness, and springiness. Resilience had significant positive correlation with cohesiveness. Fruit hardness,peel brittleness and resilience were screened out using PCA as the core indicators for comprehensive fruit texture quality evaluation of different blueberry varieties. According to the comprehensive evaluation index,comprehensive texture quality of Biggold,Croaton,Bladen,Toro,Sharpblue,Legacy,Oneal,Jersey,Meader,and D-Ⅱ were much better than other varieties. These results would provide an important reference for the selection and breeding of high quality blueberry varieties and their storage,processing and sales.