砂姜黑土区花生优质高产的氮钙硫施肥模型研究

Nitrogen, Calcium and Sulfur Fertilizing Model for Good Quality and High Yield of Peanuts in Shajiang Black Soil Area

为优化砂姜黑土区花生优质高产的施肥方案,本试验以豫花22为试验材料,在大田条件下,采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计方法,研究氮肥、钙肥与硫肥配施对豫南砂姜黑土花生产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮肥、钙肥和硫肥对花生产量和品质有显著影响,产量效应方程中中等偏上的氮肥和较高的钙肥存在显著的交互效应,品质效应方程中中等偏上的钙肥和中等偏下的硫肥存在显著的交互效应。比较偏回归系数发现,氮肥对产量的影响最大,其次是钙肥,硫肥对产量的影响最小,对籽仁品质影响依次表现为氮肥>硫肥>钙肥。单因素效应分析表明,本试验条件下的花生产量和品质与氮肥、钙肥、硫肥的用量呈"抛物线"型变化。模型模拟分析表明,花生优质高产的氮、钙、硫施用量组合为104.08～111.81、234.36～282.21、25.15～40.88 kg·hm^(-2);在经济效益最大时(36 682.82元·hm^(-2)),氮、钙、硫最佳施用量组合为107.62、243.15、22.91 kg·hm^(-2),配施比为1∶2.26∶0.21。综上,本研究构建的模型较好地模拟了氮、钙、硫肥与花生产量和品质的关系;同时发现氮钙硫肥互作能够影响花生产量和品质,但花生获得最高产量和最佳品质的氮钙硫配施组合存在差异。本研究结果为豫南砂姜黑土区的合理施肥提供了理论依据。

To determine the optimal application scheme of nitrogen,calcium and sulfur fertilizer for good quality and high yield of peanuts in Shajiang black soilarea,the effects of nitrogen(N),calcium(Ca)and sulfur(S)fertilizers on the yield and quality of Yuhua 22 peanut cultivar were studied using the three-factor secondary saturation D-optimal design method.The model analysis results showed that the yield and quality of peanut were significantly affected by N,Ca and S fertilizer.There were significant interactive effects between medium-upper N fertilizer and higher Ca fertilizer in the yield effect equation,and between medium Ca fertilizers and medium S fertilizers in the quality effect equation.Compared with the values of partial regression coefficients,we found that the yield was the largest affect by N fertilizer,followed by Ca fertilizer,and then S fertilizer;while the order of the influence of these three fertilizer on peanut kernel quality was:N>Ca>S.The single-factor effect analysis showed that the relationships between the yield or quality of peanuts and the N,Ca and S fertilizer application rates had a'parabolic'trend.The application rates of N,CaO and S fertilizer for the good quality and high yield of peanut were 104.08~111.81,234.36~282.21 and 25.15~40.88 kg·hm-2.The combination of optimal application rates of N,Ca and S for achievingmaximal economic benefit(36 682.82 Yuan·hm-2)were 107.62,243.15 and 22.91 kg·hm-2,and the ratio was 1∶2.26∶0.21.In conclusion,the constructed model could be better for simulating the relationship between three kinds of fertilizers and peanut yield or quality;and we founded that the yield and quality were affected by the interaction of N,Ca and S fertilizer,but these three fertilizer application rates were different for achieving good quality and highest yield of peanuts.Our findings can provide scientific guidance for reasonable fertilization in the black soil area of southern Henan province.