不同用量专用生物炭基肥对贵州朝天椒提质增效的影响

Effects of Different Dosage of Biochar-based Fertilizer on Quality and Efficiency of Hot Pepper in Guizhou

为探究生物炭基肥对贵州黄壤朝天椒的施用效果,采用大田试验,以自制生物炭基肥为供试材料,研究不同生物炭基肥施用量[1 758(BCF1)、2 167.5(BCF2)、2 550(BCF3)、2 932.5(BCF4)和3 315 kg·hm^(-2)(BCF5)]对贵州朝天椒产量、品质、养分积累、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥(FP)处理相比,施用生物炭基肥可以显著提高朝天椒产量,其中鲜椒增产12.0%～32.8%、干椒增产12.6%～31.6%,且以BCF2处理效果最佳;施用生物炭基肥对朝天椒的硝酸盐和Vc含量影响显著,其中硝酸盐含量降低了3.9%～14.4%、Vc含量提高了1.0%～19.3%,但对还原糖和游离氨基酸含量无影响;与FP处理相比,施用生物炭基肥使氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别提高了4.97～13.93、8.49～26.41 kg·kg^(-1),BCF1、BCF2和BCF3处理的钾肥农学效率提高了3.12～8.32 kg·kg^(-1),以BCF1处理为最高,氮、磷、钾肥的表观利用率分别提高了24.11～43.90、2.63～7.76、7.50～44.60个百分点,其中BCF2处理的氮肥表观利用率和钾肥表观利用率最高,分别为55.0%和74.1%,BCF1和BCF2处理的磷肥表观利用率最高,均为10.3%;与FP处理相比,施用生物炭基肥后的朝天椒纯收入提高了19.4%～74.8%,以BCF2效果最佳。综上,本试验条件下生物炭基肥施用量为2 167.5 kg·hm^(-2)时朝天椒生物效应和经济效益最好,可作为贵州朝天椒种植的最佳施用量。本研究结果为生物炭基肥在贵州黄壤朝天椒高产栽培技术中的应用提供了理论依据。

To evaluate the effect of self-made biochar-based fertilizer on the yields,quality,fertilizer utilization efficiency,and economic performance of hot pepper in Guizhou,a field experiment was carried out with five contrasting application rates(i.e.,including 1 758 kg·hm-2(BCF1),2 167.5 kg·hm-2(BCF2),2 550 kg·hm-2(BCF3),2 932.5 kg·hm-2(BCF4),and 3 315 kg·hm-2(BCF5)).The results showed that,compared with FP treatment,the application of biochar-based fertilizers significantly increased the yield,in which fresh pepper increased yield by 12.0%to 32.8%,and dried pepper increased yield by 12.6%to 31.6%,respectively.BCF2 treatment was the best among five treatments,and the yield was significantly higher than others.Biochar-based fertilizer also considerably affected the nitrate and Vc content of hot pepper.The nitrate content decreased by 3.9%~14.4%and the Vc content increased by 1.0%~19.3%,but had no effect on reducing sugar and free amino acid content.Compared with FP treatment,biochar-based fertilizer treatments increased the agronomic efficiency of the N and P fertilizer by 4.97~13.93 and 8.49~26.41 kg·kg-1,the agronomic efficiency of K fertiliaer of BCF1,BCF2 and BCF3 increased by 3.12~8.32 kg·kg-1,among which the BCF1 treatment was the highest.The N,P and K fertilizer apparent utilization rate was increased by 24.11~43.90%,2.63~7.76%and 7.50~44.60%,respectively.The REN and REK of BCF2 treatment were highest,which were 55.0%and 74.1%,respectively,and the REP of BCF1 and BCF2 treatment was both the highest 10.3%.The application of biochar-based fertilizer improved pure income by 22.1%~74.8%compared with FP treatment,with highest being situated in BCF2 treatment.Compared with FP treatment,the net income of hot pepper after application of biochar-based fertilizer increased by 19.4%to 74.8%,and BCF2 was the best.In conclusion,2 167.5 kg·hm-2 was the optimal applied rate of biochar-based fertilizer,of which the treatment obtained the best biological effects and economic benefits and could be recommended in the production of hot pepper in Guizhou.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar-based fertilizer in the high-yielding cultivation of hot pepper in yellow soil of Guizhou province.