胚乳突变体在水稻淀粉合成调控研究中的作用

Progresses in the Studies on Rice Endosperm Mutants for Starch Biosynthesis and Regulation

淀粉作为稻米最主要的储藏物质,其含量、结构及其特性影响水稻的产量和品质。随着分子生物学的不断发展,通过筛选胚乳突变体,克隆了大量调控水稻淀粉合成相关的基因,使淀粉生物合成的机理也逐渐清晰。本文综述了水稻淀粉结构、淀粉生物合成,以及淀粉突变体,包括糯性、高直链淀粉、垩白、粉质、暗色、糖质、皱缩等突变体的突变基因克隆及功能研究最新进展,以期为进一步阐明水稻淀粉生物合成的途径,以及优质水稻新品种的培育提供参考。

Starch is the predominant reserves in rice seed.Rice yield and eating quality are influenced by starch content,structure and its physicochemical properties.With the continuous developments of molecular biology,more and more rice genes related to starch biosynthesis are being cloned,and the mechanism of starch biosynthesis is gradually clarified through the study of rice starch mutants.This review summarized current understanding of starch structure and biosynthesis through the starch mutants including waxy,amylose-extender,chalkiness,floury,dull,sugary and shrunken mutants.It will provide useful references for studies on biosynthetic pathway and breeding of good quality cultivars in rice.