Boari膀胱肌瓣术治疗中下段输尿管癌患者的生存分析

Efficiency and outcome of Boari bladder flap plasty surgery for the treatment of middle and lower ureteral carcinoma

目的:研究针对中下段输尿管癌患者的保肾治疗策略中采用Boari膀胱肌瓣术治疗的疗效。方法:回顾性分析湘雅二医院泌尿外科从2002年7月至2007年6月采用Boari膀胱肌瓣术和输尿管癌根治术治疗中下段输尿管癌患者的临床资料及其随访情况,收集肿瘤大小、病理分级、分期、肾功能水平、住院时间等数据并结合患者生存情况进行统计学分析。结果:共有39例患者进行了手术治疗,包括Boari膀胱肌瓣术16例,输尿管癌根治术23例。中位随访时间为53个月(10~84个月),18名患者死亡,其中Boari膀胱肌瓣术组死亡6例,输尿管癌根治术组死亡12例。2组的5年无膀胱癌复发存活率分别为63%和59%(P>0.05),5年肿瘤特异性生存率分别为73.8%和73.5%(P>0.05),5年生存率分别为61%和57%(P>0.05),总体存活率分别为64.8%和58.1%(P>0.05)。2组间术前肾功能无明显差异[肌酐清除率57(32~104)mL/min vs 55(30~102)mL/min,P>0.05],术后Boari膀胱肌瓣术组肾功能优于输尿管癌根治术组[肌酐清除率55(35~102)mL/min vs 43(30~89)mL/min,P<0.05]。Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析发现肾功能水平、肿瘤大小、病理分级和病理分期是影响肿瘤患者总生存期的独立因素(P<0.05),肿瘤越大、病理分级和分期越高,患者死亡风险越大,而术后高水平的肌酐清除率可以降低疾病的死亡风险。结论:Boari膀胱肌瓣术治疗中下段输尿管癌是可行的方式。相比输尿管癌根治术,Boari膀胱肌瓣术治疗后的生存率并无明显差别,而且能保护患者肾功能。

Objective: To study the effect and outcome of Boari bladder flap plasty surgery for the treatment of kidney-sparing strategy for patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma. Methods: Database at the department of urology in the Second Xiangya Hospital from 2002–2007 was screened and all cases of primary solitary lower ureteral carcinoma treated with Boari bladder flap plasty surgery or radical nephroureterectomy were collected. We performed a retrospective review of the clinical data including sex, age, smoking history, tumor site, size, stage, grade, bladder recurrence, renal function et al and evaluated survival rate. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was build to analyze the correlation between each variable and survival time. Results: Thirty nine patients in total were enrolled, including 16 cases underwent Boari bladder flap plasty surgery and 23 cases underwent radical nephroureterectomy. The median follow-up time was 53 months(range 10–84 months). During the follow-up time, 18 patients died, including 6 patients treated with Boari bladder flap plasty surgery and 12 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy. The estimated bladder recurrence-free survival rate and cancer-specific survival rate at 5 years were 63% vs 59% and 73.8% vs 73.5%, respectively(P>0.05). The survival rate at 5 years and the overall survival rate were 61% vs 57 % and 64.8% vs 58.1% respectively in the 2 groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in renal function before surgery between the two groups [creatinine clearance 57(32–104) mL/ min vs 55(30–102) mL/ min, P>0.05]. Patients underwent Boari bladder flap plasty showed better renal function than patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy [creatinine clearance 55(35–102) mL/ min vs 43(30–89) mL/min, P<0.05]. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the tumor size, pT stage, tumor cell grade and the estimated glomerular filtration rate level were independent factors that affected the overall survival rate of the patients(P<0.05). The tumor size, pT stage and tumor cell grade were positively correlated to the survival time, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively correlated to the survival time. Conclusion: Boari bladder flap plasty surgery could be used to treat lower ureteral carcinoma. Compared with radical nephroureterectomy, Boari bladder flap plasty surgery has equal survival rate and shows superior postoperative renal function.