胎儿心肌致密化不全的超声心动图诊断与病理对比研究

Echocardiographic diagnosis for ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in foetus and the pathologically comparative study

目的:研究胎儿心肌致密化不全心肌病(ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy,NCCM)的产前超声心动图诊断及其病理特征和心肌超微结构的特点。方法:2004年到2013年产前超声诊断9例胎儿NCCM,观察其产前超声心动图表现,与产后超声心动图或尸体解剖进行对比,并取心肌组织进行病理检查,观察NCCM心肌超微结构特点。结果:NCCM心肌的超声心动图表现为异常粗大的肌小梁、肌小梁隐窝和心肌非致密层厚度/致密层厚度≥2。产前超声心动图诊断9例胎儿NCCM中,6例累及左心室,2例累及双心室,1例累及右心室。其中2例胎儿继续妊娠至分娩,并经产后超声心动图证实,其他7例均选择终止妊娠并经尸体解剖病理证实,心肌组织活检显示NCCM心肌的线粒体和肌小节发育不良、心肌纤维化。结论:通过产前超声心动图诊断NCCM是可行的。胎儿NCCM可以累及左心室、右心室或两个心室。NCCM心肌的线粒体和肌小节成熟度低并伴有心肌纤维化。

Objective: To evaluate the echocardiographic diagnosis for ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy(NCCM) in foetus and to analyze the pathologic features of NCCM.Methods: A total of 9 patients with fetal NCCM were examined by prenatal echocardiography from 2004 to 2013, which was compared with postnatal echocardiography or autopsy to analyze the fetal characteristic of myocardial ultrastructure.Results: The results of echocardiography displayed an excessive muscle trabecular meshworkand muscle trabecular crypt, and the ventricular myocardium and non-compaction/compaction ratio was ≥2.0. Among the 9 fetuses of NCCM, 6 fetuses were involved in left ventricle, 2 in both left and right ventricles and 1 in right ventricle. Two fetuses were confirmed by postnatal echocardiography, the remaining 7 patients were chosen to terminate their pregnancies, which were confirmed by autopsy later. Muscle biopsies revealed the abnormal myocardial mitochondria, sarcomeres and myocardial fibrosis.Conclusion: It is feasible to accurately diagnose NCCM by prenatal echocardiography. Fetal NCCM most of ten involves the left ventricle, but it can involve the right ventricle or both, too. The myocardial ultrastructure of fetal NCCM possesses certain unique characteristics, such as the low maturation of the mitochondria, sarcomeres and myocardial fibers.