湖南省1953例煤矿工人的肺功能损伤分析

Analysis of pulmonary dysfunction of 1953 coal miners in Hunan Province

目的:通过对煤矿工人的肺功能进行检测,了解粉尘暴露、工种、年龄、总工龄及接尘工龄对作业工人肺功能的影响。方法:选取2013年6月至2014年8月在湖南省职业病防治院进行职业健康检查、肺功能检查且资料完整的男性非尘肺病煤矿工人1 953例为调查对象。结果:肺功能检测结果显示:肺功能异常者为1 302例,异常率为66.7%。其中轻度异常者为1 139例(58.3%),中度及以上异常者为163例(8.3%)。肺功能损伤的发生与调查对象的年龄(OR=1.329,95%CI:1.196~1.620)、接尘工龄(OR=1.267,95%CI:1.136~1.413)及工种(采煤工OR=1.156,95%CI:1.033~1.293)有关(均P<0.05)。结论:湖南地区非尘肺病煤矿工人的肺功能损伤率较高,以轻度损伤为主;采煤工的肺功能损伤率高于其他工种;高年龄及接尘工龄较长者更易发生肺功能损伤。

Objective: To explore the effect of dust exposure, type of work, age, length of service and duration of dust exposure on pulmonary function in coal miners by pulmonary function tests.Methods: A total of 1 953 coal miners, who received occupational healthy examination and pulmonary function tests during June, 2013 and August, 2014 in Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute, were enrolled for this study.Results: A total of 1 302 miners(66.7%) displayed pulmonary dysfunction, including 1 139 with mild dysfunction(58.3%) and 163 with moderate or more serious dysfunction(8.3%). The risk factors for pulmonary dysfunction were age(OR=1.329, 95%CI: 1.196–1.620), dust exposure duration(OR=1.267, 95%CI: 1.136–1.413) and type of works(mining workers OR=1.156, 95%CI: 1.033–1.293; all P<0.05).Conclusion: The incidence rate of pulmonary dysfunction in coal miners is relatively high inHunan Province. Most of them are mild dysfunction. The incidence rate of pulmonary dysfunction in mining works is statistically higher than that in other work types. Older workers and long duration-exposed workers are more likely to have pulmonary dysfunction.