健康教育对接受干扰素治疗患者生活质量的影响研究

The Effect of Education on Quality of Life in Patients under Interferon Therapy

目的 :评价健康教育对接受干扰素治疗的慢性肝病患者生活质量的影响。方法 :本研究采用自身前后对照试验设计的准试验类研究。60例慢性肝病患者纳入本次研究。健康教育内容包括:自我注射干扰素的方法 ;介绍慢性肝病性质、疾病传染路径以及疾病诊治,介绍干扰素疗法对其对疾病的影响、注射干扰素后的常见副作用、自我保护和控制副作用方法。将患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例。采用慢性肝炎患者生活质量调查表评价患者生活质量。健康教育连续进行四周,每周一次,每次45分钟。随访连续进行12周。比较两组患者生活质量变化情况。结果 :对照组患者的系统症状在接受治疗12周后明显下降;实验组患者在接受本研究干预后,包括腹部症状、活动、焦虑和情绪症状均出现显著降低;而系统症状和疲劳无任何改变。实例组和对照组腹部症状、焦虑和情绪症状存在差异。对照组患者在研究干预前和接受干预12周后的平均生活质量得分分别为154.5和136.9,差异无统计学意义。实例组患者在研究干预前和接受干预12周后的平均生活质量得分从158.6上升至170,差异有统计学意义。在接受健康教育前,两组患者的生活质量得分并无显著差异,但在干预后差异显著。结论 :为接受干扰素-α治疗的乙肝和丙肝患者提供持续性健康将大幅提升患者对干扰素疗法的坚持度,降低治疗的副作用,并最终提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To study was to evaluate the effect of education on quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis who were treated with Interferon alpha.Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 patients with viral hepatitis.The intervention included teaching them the method of self injection of Interferon alpha 2 b,giving them educational pamphlets and then following their continuing treatment with interferon.Patients were randomly assigned to two 30-patient groups.The data-gathering tool was a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with Chronic Liver Disease(CLDQ).The educational program was done in four 45-minute sessions for the case group and their relatives.The follow-up period was 12 weeks.Quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis was measured before initiating interferon therapy,and after the educational period.Quality of life in the two groups was compared.Results The total quality of life score in the two groups before therapy did not show any significant difference; while 12 weeks after education there was a significant difference between the two groups in three items including abdominal symptoms,worry and emotional factors.The other three items did not show a significant difference between the two groups.The total quality of life score in the case group was significantly different before and after education,and improved after education.The total quality of life score in the control group did not differ significantly after 12 weeks.Conclusion Planning short and simple educational programs has a significant effect on the patient’s control of his/her disease and its side effects; and can improve quality of life,life satisfaction,and mechanisms of coping with treatment in patients with viral hepatitis.