妊娠早期女性与非妊娠女性饮食摄入比较研究

Comparative study on the dietary intake of pregnant women and non pregnant women in early pregnant

目的 :比较湖北荆州地区早期妊娠女性和非妊娠女性饮食摄入差异情况。方法 :纳入湖北荆州地区2013年9月~2014年3月在荆州市中心医院产检的226例妊娠早期女性及同期在中心医院体检的健康女性211例。所有受试者完成食物频率问卷调查,调查内容包括食物种类、份量、饮酒和吸烟情况。采用描述、比较统计及偏最小二乘法PLS)模型分析数据。结果 :妊娠早期女性与非妊娠女性从饮食中摄入的叶酸和维生素D都偏低。妊娠早期女性组叶酸和维生素D补充剂的摄入量高于非妊娠女性组,导致妊娠组女性预计维生素D和叶酸摄入量更高。早期妊娠女性从饮食中摄取的铁元素低于非妊娠女性,但是从铁元素补充剂中摄入的铁元素弥补两组间差异。妊娠早期女性能量摄入略低于非妊娠女性,但是差异无统计学意义,妊娠早期组女性报告摄入米饭、肉类及蔬菜低于非妊娠组女性。结论 :荆州地区妊娠早期女性蔬菜、米饭、肉类和酒精摄入量低于非妊娠女性,从饮食中摄入的叶酸、维生素D及铁元素也低于营养建议标准,这有可能导致部分妊娠女性及其胎儿在分娩时并发症风险升高。

Objective To compare diet intake in early pregnant women with non-pregnant women in Jingzhou area. Methods Between September 2013 and March 2014, 226 women in early pregnancy were consecutively recruited in Jinzhou area. Referent women(n=211) were randomly selected from a current health screening project running in the same region. We collected diet data with a self-reported validated food frequency questionnaire with 66 food items/food aggregates, and information on portion size, alcohol consumption, and supplement intake. Data were analysed using descriptive, comparative statistics and multivariate partial least square modelling. Results Intake of folate and vitamin D from foods was generally low for both groups. Intake of folate and vitamin D supplements was generally high in the pregnant group and led to significantly higher total estimated intake of vitamin D and folate in the pregnant group. Iron intake from foods tended to be lower in pregnant women although iron supplement intake evened out the difference with respect to iron intake from foods only. Energy intake was slightly lower in pregnant women but not significant, a reflection of that they reported consuming significantly less of rice, meat/fish, and vegetables(grams/day) than the women in the referent group. Conclusion In the present study, women in early pregnancy reported less intake of vegetables, mice, meat, and alcohol than non-pregnant women. As they also had a low intake(below the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations) of folate, vitamin D, and iron from foods, some of these women and their unborn children are possibly at risk for adverse effects on the pregnancy and birth outcome.