基于“环境-成分-药性”关系解析西南区中药材分布特点

Analysis on the Distribution Characteristics of TCM in South-west China Based on the "Environment-Ingredient-Medicinal Properties" Relationship

目的:探究西南中药区中药药性随三向地带性变化的规律,为西南区中药材的栽培生产提供参考。方法:以西南中药区及区内的主要代表药材为研究对象,运用统计学方法,从"环境-成分-药性"关系出发,分析中药药性的变化规律。结果:西南区内的药材以温性、寒性为主,占比分别为45.53%、34.96%,以苦味药占比最大(35.86%),辛味、甘味药次之(30.30%、25.76%),归肝、肺、胃、脾经者较多,占比分别为21.81%、17.78%、15.44%、13.42%。区内归大肠经的中药占比呈现随海拔升高而增大的趋势,归肺经的中药占比呈现随经度增大而减小的趋势。西南区药材的有效物质多以苷类化合物、挥发油类化合物为主。结论:西南中药区的中药药性及药效成分具有随三向地带性变化的特征;境-成分-药性"传递关系的解析,有利于更好地认识中药材的道地性形成及分布特点。

Objective:To study the regularity of drug property of Chinese materia medica in southwestern Chinese medicine area along three-dimentionalzonation changes,and to provide reference for the cultivation and production of Chinese medicinal materials in the southwestern region.Methods:Taking the southwestern Chinese medicine area and the main representative medicinal materials among it as the research objects,using the statistical methods to analyze the changes of the drug properties of TCM based on the'environment-ingredient-medicinal properties'relationship.Results:Accounting for 45.53%and 34.96%,the medicinal materials in the southwestern region were mainly warm and cold.Bitter taste herbs held the largest proportion(35.86%),followed by pungent category accounted for 30.30%,and sweet category accounted for 25.76%.Chinese materia medica in South-west China act more on the liver channels,lung channels,stomach channels and spleen channels,accounting for 21.81%,17.78%,15.44%and 13.42%.The proportion of Chinese materia medica acting on the large intestine channels increases with the increase of elevation,while the proportion of which acting on the lung channels decreases along the increase of longitude in the area.Most of the main effective substances in the southwestern Chinese materia medica are glycosides and volatile oils.Conclusion:The drug property and pharmacodynamic components of traditional Chinese medicine in South-west China change along three-dimentionalzonation.The analysis of the'environment-ingredient-medicinal properties'transmission relationship is beneficial to our understanding of the formation and distribution of the geo-herbalism of TCM.